The vast majority of precast elements are lifted using proprietary lifting inserts.  The range of types and sizes is enormous.  This section does not cover every type available but describes the main types.

Polypropylene rope loops:

These are simple inserts made from polypropylene rope with the free ends swaged together to form a closed loop.  In deep units, no reinforcement is specified, but in shallow sections they are normally secured by tying around reinforcing bar as shown.  Relatively large edge distances are required.   Marketed by several companies, the load capacity ranges between 150kg and 1200kg, and thus they are suitable mostly for small elements.  The capacity is denoted by a plastic tag around the rope.  Before use, the concrete around the loop should be checked for sharp edges/arrises that could damage the rope.  After use, the protruding part may be cut off.

Wire rope loops:

When heavier elements have to be lifted, the wire rope is the next option.  They are similar in appearance to the polypropylene loops but are made from steel wire rope.  They range in capacity from 800 kg up to 99 tonnes.  The smaller sizes are easily handled, but the largest sizes have rope 56mm in diameter and weigh some 68 kg each. The concrete in the vicinity of the loop must be reinforced, and guidance is given in suppliers’ literature.

Loops may be installed exposed from the surface, or recessed as shown.  For exposed loops, a standard crane hook is suitable.  For recessed loops, suppliers can provide a special hook.  The internal radius of the crane hook must be at least as great as the rope loop diameter.

Pin anchors:

Pin anchors are suitable for large precast elements and are commonly used in products such as slabs and pipes.  The capacities range from 1.3 t to 45 t, with even greater capacities available for special cases.  The length of the larger sizes can be as much as 1200mm.   Reinforcement is required around the insert.

They are always recessed as shown, and require the use of a compatible lifting head.    The purpose made recesses are formed with a rubber former that holds the insert in position during casting.